Mustang & Upper Mustang: The Forbidden Kingdom of Nepal

Mustang, often called “The Last Forbidden Kingdom,” is one of Nepal’s most intriguing travel destinations. This region, split into Lower Mustang and Upper Mustang, is a gateway to ancient Tibetan culture, barren landscapes, and centuries-old monasteries. Upper Mustang, once a restricted area, offers a medieval charm that continues to captivate visitors from around the world.

Lower Mustang serves as the entrance to Upper Mustang, with breathtaking scenery, cultural landmarks, and spiritual significance.

1. Jomsom & Kagbeni – The Starting Point

The picturesque town of Jomsom and the historic village of Kagbeni mark the beginning of your Mustang journey.

• Highlights:
  • Jomsom (2,743m): A scenic town known for Nilgiri and Dhaulagiri mountain views.
  • Kagbeni (2,804m): A historic village with Tibetan-inspired architecture and Buddhist chortens.
  • Kaligandaki River: Famous for sacred Shaligram fossils.

Explore more about Jomsom and its unique attractions.

2. Muktinath – A Sacred Pilgrimage Site

Muktinath, revered by Hindus and Buddhists, is a must-visit pilgrimage site.

• Highlights:
  • Muktinath Temple (3,800m): Sacred to both Hinduism and Buddhism.
  • 108 Stone Taps: Purifying waters believed to cleanse sins.
  • Jwala Mai Temple: A natural eternal flame burning over a water spring.

Check out our guide to Muktinath Temple for more details.

Upper Mustang – The Land of Ancient Wonders

Upper Mustang requires a special permit to enter, preserving its untouched Tibetan culture and natural beauty.

3. Lo Manthang – The Walled City

Lo Manthang, the medieval capital of Upper Mustang, is a treasure trove of history and culture.

• Highlights:
  • Lo Manthang (3,840m): A walled city with narrow alleys and ancient architecture.
  • Thubchen & Jampa Gompas: 15th-century monasteries adorned with intricate murals.
  • Tiji Festival: A three-day annual Buddhist celebration featuring masked dances.

Learn more about Tiji Festival and its significance in Upper Mustang.

4. Mysterious Sky Caves

Upper Mustang is home to thousands of ancient caves, some dating back over 10,000 years.

• Highlights:
  • Chhoser Cave: Multi-story meditation chambers carved into cliffs.
  • Luri Gompa: A cave monastery with detailed 15th-century murals.
  • Tashi Kabum Cave: Known for its sacred Buddhist relics.

Discover the fascinating history of Upper Mustang Caves.

5. Dhakmar & Tsarang – Villages of Red Cliffs

These villages are known for their dramatic landscapes and cultural significance.

• Highlights:
  • Dhakmar (3,820m): Surrounded by striking red rock formations.
  • Tsarang (3,560m): Home to the 5-story Tsarang Monastery and Chorten Gate.

Explore more about Tsarang Village and its attractions.

Best Time to Visit Mustang

Choose the right season to enhance your Mustang experience:

• 🌸 Spring (March–May): Vibrant landscapes and pleasant weather.
• 🍂 Autumn (September–November): Clear skies and perfect trekking conditions.
• 🌦 Monsoon (June–August): Best time for Upper Mustang, as it lies in a rain-shadow area.

Permits & Trekking Info

Visitors to Upper Mustang need the following permits:

• 🛂 Restricted Area Permit (RAP): $500 for 10 days.
• 🛂 Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): $30 per person.

For additional details, read our Complete Trekking Guide.

Final Thoughts

Mustang is a destination that combines spirituality, history, and breathtaking landscapes. From sacred monasteries to ancient caves, it offers an unparalleled travel experience. Whether you trek through its rugged terrain or explore by jeep, Mustang promises memories that will last a lifetime.

For more travel tips, check out our Nepal Travel Guide.